Understanding the Working Principles of Spark Erosion Machines
23 January 2023
Machining is a process wherein materials are cut to their desired final size, shape, and surface quality with the help of various machines and tools. Many industries utilise different machining methods so they can attain their needed parts and products.
One of the machining methods that they take advantage of is spark erosion machining. Spark erosion machining is the process of removing excess materials from a workpiece through electrical corrosion. The electrical corrosion is caused by the interaction between the tool and the workpiece, giving the latter the size, shape, and surface quality that the clients desire.
Advantages of Spark Erosion Machining
Many benefits are associated with spark erosion machining.
First, it is versatile. This machining method can easily provide the exact shapes and specifications needed by industries for their parts and products. Therefore, industries such as aerospace, marine, and electronics all maximise this machining method.
Another benefit of spark erosion machining is it is flexible. Even though spark erosion machining relies on tools and machines, it can continue the operations unmanned for a long time. This process can also help achieve a good surface finish to parts and products as it does not require direct contact between the workpiece and the electrode.
Spark erosion machining can likewise work with tough materials and save essential resources.
Components of Spark Erosion Machines
The spark erosion machine is a crucial part of this machining method as it is in charge of removing the excess materials from a workpiece. Some of the materials and components needed for spark erosion machines to work effectively are as follows.
• Electrode: Electrode is a material that boasts good electrical conductivity and a high melting point. Some examples of electrodes are graphite, copper, molybdenum, and copper-tungsten alloy. The electrode during this machining process is expected to wear off. However, it is less than the number of materials removed from the workpiece.
• Dielectric Liquid: Dielectric liquid is a medium that can help in cooling the setup during the machining process. It also prevents and quenches electric discharges. Most mediums used as dielectric liquid boast low viscosity, high flash point, and stable performance. Some examples of dielectric liquids are deionised water, kerosene, and emulsions.
When selecting a spark erosion machine, manufacturers should choose a brand that is known for its reputation and experience in the field. They must also opt for a machine that can meet the desired specifications of the products. Some factors that must be considered when selecting this machine are electrode loss, processing speed, processing accuracy, and surface finish.
Main Types of Spark Erosion Machines
Many types of spark erosion machines can be utilised by manufacturers.
One of these machines is the wire-cut electrical discharge machining (EDM) machine. This machine enables the electrode and the workpiece to move simultaneously in two directions horizontally. It also allows cutting dies and parts with a ruled surface.
Another type of spark erosion machine is the die sinking EDM machine. This machine only has one relative axial movement between the workpiece and the tool. The tool itself is already an electrode that boasts the corresponding shape as the workpiece to be machined.
CNC drilling EDM, ultimately, has three to five axes to power. The perforation speed of this machine can be very fast, allowing it to be very useful in many industries.
To know more about spark erosion machines, you can contact us at Amon Engineering.
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